Role of Chemistry in Domestic Activities

Malnutrition has shown to be an important concern in women, children, and the elderly. Because of pregnancies and breastfeeding, women have additional nutrient requirements. [19]  Children can be at risk for malnutrition even before birth, as their nutrition levels are directly tied to the nutrition of their mothers. [20]Breastfeeding can reduce rates of malnutrition and mortality in children[4][11], and educational programs for mothers could have a large impact on these rates. 21]  The elderly have a large risk of malnutrition because of unique complications such as changes in appetite and energy level, and chewing and swallowing problems. [22]  Adequate elderly care is essential for preventing malnutrition, especially when the elderly cannot care for themselves. Malnutrition  is a broad term which refers to both  undernutrition  (subnutrition) andovernutrition. Individuals are malnourished, or suffer from undernutrition if their diet does not provide them with adequate calories and protein for maintenance and growth, or they cannot fully utilize the food they eat due to illness. People are also malnourished, or suffer from overnutrition if they consume too many calories. CausesCauses related to food.General causes.(A) Causes related to food:  A lot of causes related to food are responsible for malnutrition. 1. Lack of nutritious and Balanced Diet: Lack of nutritious and balanced diet is responsible to a great extent for malnutrition in children. In our country, because of poverty, there is a lack of essential elements like Proteins, carbohydrates, fats etc. in everyday meal. 2. Indigestive and Harmful diet: Intake of indigestive and harmful diet is one of the main causes of malnutrition. Children belonging to the rich families do have expensive food items but in general these food items are indigestive and harmful. Intake of such type of food items often leads to lack of hunger and hence sometimes the children fall prey to malnutrition. 3. Lack of Regulated Diet: Irregular intake of food is one of the main causes leading to malnutrition. The timings for breakfast, lunch and dinner must more or less be fixed. aking irregular meals causes indigestion and finally results in malnutrition. (B) General Causes 1. Dirty Environment: Dirty environment of home and school also causes malnutrition. In Indian cities the home and school environment becomes dirty due to lack of fresh and pure air, lack of sunlight, non-availability of playground, dirty lanes, which hampers right nutrition of children. 2. Lack of Sound Sleep and Rest: Lack of space and suffocated bedroom causes lack of sleep. Lack of sleep results in indigestion, which leads to malnutrition. Lack of proper and sufficient rest also leads to malnutrition. 3. Negligence of Children: Negligence of children at home and in school causes anxiety in children. This also results in malnutrition. 4. Bodily diseases: Many children being infected from the diseases are neither able to have balanced diet nor their bodily functions take place properly resulting in malnutrition. 5. Heavy work: The digestive process of children gets affected because of continuous hard work. Especially for the children of low income- groups, the heavy labour uncoupled with balanced diet take a toll on their physical and mental development. Nearly forty percent of total children in India suffer from malnutrition. 6. Lack of Exercise and Games: The lack of exercise and games also leads to malnutrition. Even if a child takes a balanced and nutritious diet, the lack of exercise and games results in slowing down of digestive process and consequently the food is not digested properly causing malnutrition. This also causes physical deficiencies. Prevention As a lack of essential nutrients is one of the main causes of malnutrition, the best way to prevent the condition is to eat a healthy, balanced diet. A  recommended diet would be a diet that contains foods from all the major food groups. The four main food groups are:fruit and vegetables – eat at least 5 a day of a variety;bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods – eat plenty;milk and dairy foods – eat some and choose lower fat varieties;meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non-dairy sources of protein;foods and drinks high in fats and/or sugars.Conclusion â€Å"Malnutrition is an impediment to development, and its presence indicates that basic physiological needs have not been met. What is observed as malnutrition is not only the result of insufficient or inappropriate food, but also a consequence of other conditions, such as poor water supply and sanitation and a high prevalence of disease. Thus reversing the procedure is complex, because many issues need to be addressed more or less simultaneously. And every situation is different, so that there is no single solution for all. There can only be general guidance on directions to pursue. Experience from lessons learnt shows that considerable time is needed to redress a situation (ten years and more), and that a strong supportive political and policy environment remains crucial throughout the period. There is no â€Å"quick-fix† to this problem. Once achieved, however, the effect is likely to become permanent, offering a substantial return on investment. †Malnutrition continues to be a significant problem all over the world, especially among children. Poverty, natural disasters, political problems, and war all contribute to conditions — even epidemics — of malnutrition and starvation, and not just in developing countries. In some cases, malnutrition is very mild and causes no symptoms. However, sometimes it can be so severe that the damage done to the body is permanent, even though you survive. Symptoms The most common symptom of malnutrition is unplanned weight loss. If you lose 10% of your body weight in the course of three months and are not dieting, it could be a sign that you are malnourished. n adults, a useful method of assessing whether you are malnourished is to measure your  body mass index  (BMI). This is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres squared. For most adults a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24.9. Other symptoms include:weakening of the muscles, which then begin to waste away;feeling tired all the time and lacking energy;increased vulnerability to infection;delayed wound healing;dizziness;irritability;your nails become brittle your skin becomes dry and flaky;persistent  diarrhoea;depression;in women, periods become  irregular  or  stop altogether.Children Symptoms of malnutrition in children can include:failure to grow at the expected rate, both in terms of weight and height;changes in behaviour such as appearing unusually irritable, sluggish or anxious;changes in hair and skin colour;hair loss;swelling of the stomach and legs (this last symptom usually only occurs if a child is severely malnourished).

Analyse How the Film ‘The Matrix’ presents two Different Versions of Reality

We are presented with two different versions of reality. In one we get the feeling of everything being enclosed and lifeless, this is the Matrix which is a computer program designed as a trap for human minds. In it people have no individuality; they are all just part of the system. The other reality is a harsh post apocalyptic one where computers have enslaved humanity and the sky is dark. This reality is when humans are conscious and no longer part of the Matrix. In the first scene I analysed the, the camera moves along a split section of a wall next to Neo's office until he comes into view. This reminds us that there are walls all around and he is enclosed, this is important because it shows that in the Matrix people are enclosed to make them easier to control. The office he is in is very bland and the lighting is subdued to give the feeling of oppression, this demonstrates how the Matrix has been designed to be dull and uninspiring. The walls parting the office Neo works in are very short allowing people to see over them, this gives the impression of being watched all the time. When the delivery man enters the scene and gives Neo the package it is all done in a monotonous way. Neo and the delivery man do not make eye contact and even when the delivery man talks to Neo he does so in an emotionless way. This accentuates how people in the Matrix act like machines and tend not to show much human emotion. Neo opens the package to find a mobile phone inside. The phone rings as soon as neo opens it, this makes it seem like whoever is phoning him is watching him. When Neo answers the phone music starts, it is a fast beat but not very loud, this builds tension and helps make the mood more exciting. Morpheus speaks to Neo and tells him to look over his office wall, as he does this, the camera cuts to what he is looking at. Neo sees the agents talking to a woman. The music turns into a dramatic drum roll as the agents come into view; this builds drama in the scene and shows that the agents are not good. The agents are wearing black suits which contrast against the cream walls of the office and normal clothes everyone else are wearing. This shows us that they are important and not just normal people. The agents also wear sunglasses, eyes are an important part of the human face and are in some cultures said to be windows to the soul. By dressing the agents in sunglasses I think the director intended to make them less human and without a soul like machines. The agents all turn their heads in unison to look at Neo, this is very abnormal and creepy, and it makes them look as though they are all one unit. Neo quickly ducks down to stop the agents from seeing him. We see Neo crouching on the phone; the camera gives us an aerial view of Neo. The way we see him crouching in the corner of his office with no where to escape, like a caged animal is like a metaphor for the Matrix being like a Zoo for humans. As Neo leaps into a cubical on instruction from Morpheus the music slows down and Neo hides in a dark corner. The slow music makes the audience relax slightly and the dark lights emphasises that Neo is hiding away. As Neo then runs around the office the music gets much faster and builds excitement and energy. The camera tracks Neo as he runs away which makes the office look like a maze. The maze could also be interpreted as the Matrix with Morpheus is guiding him out of to escape from the agents, this mirrors what happens in the film when Morpheus really does guide Neo out of the Matrix. I think that by making the Matrix look like a dull, lifeless place the directors were trying to show us that the matrix was designed to be un-stimulating and mind controlling to stop people questioning their reality, so they don't realise that they are in the Matrix and learn how to control it to escape. The program gives people just enough stimulation to keep their minds occupied while the computers use their bodies for energy. When the scene on Morpheus's ship first starts the screen is black and we hear Morpheus's voice. This makes it feel as if we are hearing him through the ears of someone who is asleep. The light then gets very bright then fades to a shot of Trinity. The way the light is very bright then fades makes it seem like someone waking up because when you open your eyes after a deep sleep everything seems too bright and hurts your eyes. The shot of Trinity comes from an angle where Neo is laying which makes it seem like we are seeing her through his eyes. We then see an aerial view of Neo's head. He looks very pale and the bed he is laying on is a dark background which makes a contrast to his pale skin, this shows us that he hasn't been exposed to any or much light. He also has no hair with shows he hasn't been growing properly. The fact that he has no hair and is pale also makes him look like a new born baby, this metaphorically expresses how being taken out of the Matrix and coming into the real world is like being reborn. When we see the machines he is being monitored by he looks like a new born baby being kept in an incubator which demonstrates how weak he must be. The music is much slower and calmer in contrast to the fast energetic music that is heard in the matrix. This could be because time is more real in this world and is passing slower. As the camera cuts to different shots of Neo it fades out to black then back in, this could be portraying how time is moving slowly. The fading could also be Neo fading in and out of consciousness. It could have been intended by the directors to look like a hallucinatory affect, as if Neo was dreaming and only semi-conscious. When we see the side shot of Neo we see lots of long needles protruding from his body. The needles reminisce ones used in acupuncture which is an ancient art, mixed with a blue light that shines on Neo to give a futuristic feel. This illustrates the very old mixing with the new to impress upon the audience how science and medicine have moved on and become more advanced through the years, but not forgotten the old techniques like acupuncture. When Neo talks to Morpheus we see he has grown some hair, this shows us that a lot of time has passed. The music is very calm which sets a mood of security. The camera tracks along Neo's body showing all of the holes and instruments sticking out of him, this shows us that Neo has never used his muscles before so the medical equipment is helping him grow some faster. The fact that he has things sticking in his skin and going beneath the skin show us how things are real, but in the Matrix people are just digital projections of their minds. It's like when you pinch yourself to make sure you are not dreaming. The scene ends by fading to black again which could mean Neo is drifting out of consciousness or that time is passing.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Idealism in the Knights Tale

Idealism in the story of Cavalier The life of the chivalry of the gentleman is celebrated, but the story of Cavalier has proved to be more than a tragic romantic story with a happy ending. With such a dress, you can explore the trivial world of aristocracy at the time. Here, the substance is replaced by the appearance, reality replaces the classic of disillusionment, and emotions are sacrificed as honor. The innocent idealism became the main feature of seemingly perfect knights, and as a reader we were asked to identify the influence of this unique quality on the entire story. The story of Cavaliers in the Canterbury story of Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the 22 Canterbury collections by the famous British writer Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400). To summarize the story, Joe began writing in 1386 and plans to complete it in his life Each story has various roles in medieval plots as well as interesting dramatic interactions hold. Completed by 1400. Canterbury story: In the first part, Geoffre y Chaucer will introduce all the characters involved in this fictional journey. One of the more interesting characters included in this introduction is the Cavaliers. Joe was originally called Cavalier the best man, in fact, his knight's sketch is very complementary. In this article we compare Joe's ideal knight with his contemporary equivalent knight. Joe, Joe said that there are excellent horses in the Cavaliers, But he is not wearing gorgeous clothes. Knights of the Canterbury story of Geoffrey Chaucer, Nostalgia, Priorres, monks, monks are defined by the setting of the Canterbury story in Geoffrey Chaucer's Prologue. 1. Portoy is a commentary by Jojo and states as follows. The general prologue is like a mirror, reflecting that person's appearance and defining the character of that person. (281) Scanno supported Potnoy in his speculative article The explanation of that character inevitably appears in the original intention of Joe's text or reflects its persistent value (128) 3.

Introduction to Indigenous Studies ( Reaction Paper) Essay - 1

Introduction to Indigenous Studies ( Reaction Paper) - Essay Example It is clearly evident that there was the struggle as well as the partition of the various countries. It is therefore important to note that this kind of activity therefore led to the various countries struggling to take control of the other country in the name of the captured states being colonies. It was therefore this reason that therefore led to the collision that was between the colonial governments as well as the local governments. It is therefore important to note that this collision led to the countries engaging themselves in wars. It is therefore these factors that so led to the present states of the various nations. In this case therefore, the writer talks of the intergenerational trauma. Under this, it is important to highlight that the earlier generations underwent certain forms of violence s that they could have the freedom. It is his freedom that is enjoyed by the other persons in the various parts of the world that were colonized. It is important to note that these people who fought for the rights of the people, and also fought to have their country as they wanted. The people were tortured in several ways by the colonialists and that they had no good form of treatment in the various places that they were taken to for the captivity. It is was therefore this reason that the families found it so sad to bear the torture that their people underwent in their captivity. In this, it is important to highlight that this kind of trauma that the people underwent in their areas of captivity was passed from generation to generation. This is in the sense that as it is said and biologically logical that a snake gives birth to a snake, the off springs of the people who were tortured and captured had to into the same ways that their parents went through and therefore were as well subjected to the same treatment. They also wanted to fight or their freedom, in revenge for the acts that their parents went through

OLS estimation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

OLS estimation - Assignment Example The respective means of these variables are 82.38, 80.77 and 44.66 and significant variability among the values taken by these variables is observed, implying a possibility that variations in attendance can potentially cause variations in marks. Other variables that can potentially affect performances in the course have to be accounted for to ensure a proper evaluation and so, â€Å"ability†, â€Å"age†, â€Å"hrss†, i,e., study hours are also explored. All these variables reflect strong variability and thus are all potential candidates as controls. (For details, see table 1 in appendix). Apart from simply looking at individual descriptive statistics, in order to obtain some idea about the interrelationships and potential causations, a table of scatter plots are also explored where â€Å"smarks† is the plotted as the y variable while â€Å"ability†, â€Å"age†, â€Å"hrss†, â€Å"alevelsa† â€Å"attl† as well as squared f orms of ability and attl as the x variables. From the plots (figure 2 in appendix), we find that both ability and its square seem to be positively correlated with marks. The variables â€Å"age† and â€Å"alevelsa† seem to have no associative patterns with marks. For attendance, our primary variable of interest, we find that there is evidence of clustering of values greater than the mean marks at the higher values of attl implying that higher lecture attendance rate is associated with better performances on average on the course. Further, it seems that there is some clustering at higher values of the squared lecture attendance rates. No correlation seems to be present between smarks and hrss from the last graph in the table. The interrelationships between these variables are important for regression specifications, since high correlations among independent variables may lead to multicollinearity. So, a scatterplot matrix is presented as figure 2 in the appendix. Theref ore, the summary statistics and the scatter plots, show that there is a strong possibility that class attendance influences performance along with other factors such as ability. Further, since some evidence of possible positive correlation between class performance as measured by â€Å"smarks† and the squares of â€Å"ability† and attendance, represented by â€Å"attl† were observed, the possibility of nonlinear dependence cannot be ignored. 2. Basic OLS estimation a) From the simple regression of smarks on an intercept and the variable â€Å"attl†, we find that attendance has a significant positive impact on performance1. The coefficient on attendance is close to 0.15 and has a t-stat value of 4.33>1.96, which is the 5% critical value for the t distribution under the null hypothesis that the coefficient is insignificant, i.e., is not statistically significantly different from zero. Additionally the intercept takes a value of 52.91 implying that the condi tional mean of â€Å"smarks† is 52.91 for students who have a zero attendance rate for lectures. This value is significant at the 5% level as well (t-stat value 19.06>1.96). However, the adjusted R-squared value is only 0.06 implying that only 6% of the variation of performance can be explained in terms of variations in lecture attendance rates. Therefore, the model fit is poor. b) Inclusion of ability and hours studied (hrss) leads to the impact of attendance rate falling to approximately 0.13 from 0.15, but the

Increasing numbers of criminal defendants who are involved with Essay

Increasing numbers of criminal defendants who are involved with illegal narcotics or have mental-health issues or both - Essay Example 178-190). Forced trading of illegal drugs among kids from poor backgrounds in the long-run psychologically affects them. The negative pressure exerted on the young boys in the poor communities force them to grow up stressed. In the long-run, they get into a state of depression or even end up psychologically disturbed. The topic of drugs is delicate but also unmentioned. As a result, there are more young people getting lured into the drugs trade. When more individuals get into the trade, its distribution gets broader (Petrila 5-11). Drug abuse with time has become a menace that needs close attention. The main users being innocent teenagers who got lured by peers suffer the consequences of engaging with the wrong peers. The law enforcement agencies in the past have punished these young criminals carelessly. Hence, the resulting outcome becomes recurrent crime and drug abuse. The young boys, mainly have had to engage in further criminal activities because their reputation has become questionable, and no one is willing to employ them. The drug cartels operating in poor neighborhoods have taken the advantage of the confused youths to lure them further into illegal forms of trade. In the past decades, the biggest percentage of the criminals engaging in illegal trade of drugs were male, but in recent years the percentage of girls or females have kept increasing (Stojkovic 163-179). Drug abuse among teenage girls has increased considerably. It has become the case because more girls have started consuming drugs. Most of the girls who consume narcotics come from poor backgrounds, and they also engage in prostitution. The consumption of narcotics also has caused an increase in crime. When an individual gets to consume narcotics, he or she becomes uncontrollable and may end up committing a crime unaware. Most of the time, the drugs mess up the mental status of an individual causing them to act abnormally in their

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International trade - Essay Example The theory of comparative advantage insinuates that reducing trade limits (trade liberalization) and opening up global markets would lead to benefits from trade for all parties concerned. However, the theory is one thing, getting nations to agree to break down complex trade obstacles they have put up over the years is another thing altogether. Taking this complexity into account, how is it possible to know that countries that claim to have relaxed their trade restrictions actually have? Even if it is possible to confirm that this has happened, is there any evidence to ascertain that trade liberalization actually brings benefits to the developing world, where problems arising from the difficulty of penetrating the markets of the developed world are very grave? This paper aims to answer this question and more. Key words Trade liberalization, protectionism, trade barriers, tariffs, quotas, comparative advantage Most studies (extensive and comprehensive studies going back as far as the 7 0s and 80s, and more recent (though less reliable) ones conducted using cross-country regression analysis) strongly indicate that countries that have more liberal trade laws grow faster and have more open economies compared to those that have more protectionist policies (Buffie 2001, pg. 15). Since 1980, the PCIs of third world countries that have a combined population of over 3 billion people have doubled; this is according to figures released by the OECD and the World Bank. In addition to this, they have managed to slash, by more than 30%, their mean import tariffs, as well as almost tripling their ratios of trade-to-GDP. This means that only third world countries that are less developed, have combined populations of less than 2 billion, whose trade-to-GDP ratios and PCIs are stagnant, and who have insignificant decline in mean import tariffs, are left. Unlike the rest, the new globalizers have also witnessed dramatic improvements in welfare indicators and significant reductions i n poverty. A lot has been made of the World’s Bank’s decision to revise its approximations of future effects of trade liberalization. They are not unimportant. However, trade liberalization only is not a panacea (Okamoto 2004, pg. 46). In order to fully realize productivity benefits, external liberalization should be integrated into comprehensive market-based reforms and be supported by institutional reforms that buttress markets – just like David Hume and Adam Smith indicated more than 2 centuries ago. The main point however remains that richer developing countries are those that have carried out massive liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI) and external trade as a part of a broader move towards market economies (Vietnam and China are the perfect examples). So much for the very fallacious view that high protection in Vietnam and China has not stifled fast growth and has in fact triggered it. Should only developed countries liberalize trade during th e Doha round? Northern trade limits suppress exports from labor-intensive developing countries, and are therefore very iniquitous. However, what groups like Oxfam do not say is that the protectionist policies of developing countries hurt them even more (Rogowsky & Linkins 2001, pg. 37). Such liberalization would benefit unskilled rural labor

Pricing Strategy of Coca-Cola Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Pricing Strategy of Coca-Cola - Research Paper Example In this pricing strategy, prices are kept low in order to penetrate more into the target market (Armstrong, Marketing). As a part of this strategy, prices of most of the products that are currently in the market will be lowered by 1-2 units. Furthermore, the quantity of the content can also be increased keeping the price range unchanged. In case of the brands that are about to be introduced, prices will be maintained at the lowest possible range so that competitive advantage can be gained. Prices of those brands that have sufficient market share in most of the major markets can be brought down by 5-10%. However, the price of the sports drinks brand which has been struggling to gain enough popularity would not be made lowered more than 2-3%. Penetration pricing strategy is likely to be more effective in the developing countries like India where people are significantly concerned about the prices of the product. In developed countries, direct cut in price may not work and hence in thes e markets, more features can be added in terms of content and packaging without changing the price. In some cases, prices can be reduced slightly. The main reason behind choosing penetration pricing strategy is increasing the sales by penetrating deeper into the markets. In most of developing countries, the volume of the target market is increasing significantly. Almost everyday a new market is getting created. In order to, gain enough market share in these markets it is very important to keep the price at a lower level for the initial period. The sports drinks sector in the emerging markets is becoming bigger. However, it is dominated by the competitor’s brand. As a result, bringing down the price without the changing the quality is likely to be an appropriate strategy for Coca-Cola. The situation is quite different in the developed markets where consumers have become more health conscious.  

Are you ready for the Big Data Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Are you ready for the Big Data - Coursework Example The competitor company had used this ability to carry out myriad of experiments in the real world giving it a competitive advantage. The main point the authors put across is that big data collection is the game changer in the 21st century corporate world. Big data has the potential to revolutionalize the management practices. The authors pose a challenge to the companies to decide whether they are ready to exploit the potential of big data and to manage the threats it could pose effectively. The rest of the article explores the important ways in which big data could transform the competition in the corporate world, alter the corporate ecosystems and improve innovation. One of the major elements of organization development is effective communication across all organizational sectors and also extending to external stakeholders such as the suppliers. This article lays emphasis on the importance of sharing data across the different lines of business such as finance, management, productio n and sales and marketing. It further calls for integration of the organizations data system with suppliers, data systems in order to accrue benefits such as instant stock replenishment and real-time price adjustment. It argues that the tendency of many companies to accumulate huge volumes of data in their silos and other forms of information hoarding impedes timely exploitation of this data. This is not in line with essentials for organization development. Organizations need to open these data enclaves and integrate data from various systems.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 35

History - Essay Example It is for this notion alone that the memorial is more commonly known today as the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. The integration of the subterranean museum to the memorial is a good idea to give the whole structure a more relative association to the Holocaust. In a way this could serve as a cohesive rationalization that the visual abstract from the ideological meaning. This thought of commemoration is the entire reason behind all the controversies, praises and criticisms, behind Peter Eisenman’s work. The opinion of Prof. Norman Finkelstein is quite understandable from his perspective as and his viewpoint of the whole scenario as an industry. This is quite an entangled revisionist theory that sees all that happened under a very different life than all that is contained in most history books pertaining to World War II. Finkelstein opinion of a Holocaust Memorial in Washington DC is not without its merit. The whole endeavour seems futile as there is, in my view, no direct correlation that sufficiently necessitates it. This does, to a certain extent, instigates the exploitation of the Holo caust and the emotions it

Personal Definition of Honesty Essay Example for Free

Personal Definition of Honesty Essay Whats the definition of honesty? The one in Websters Dictionary says that it is: The quality or fact of being honest; uprightness and fairness; truthfulness, sincerity, or frankness; freedom from deceit or fraud (Honesty). However, each person may define honesty differently. Everybody has his/hers own definition that varies upon his/her beliefs. Some think of it as a main rule of their life, but still tell a little white lie once in a while. Others can not even identify themselves with honesty. The truth is that being honest is extremely hard and not lying at all is impossible. Everybody lies, even politically significant people responsible for the nations well being, who are viewed by the society as icons of trust. People lie on a daily basis, in fact sometimes not realizing that they do it so often; it is second nature. Some of the lies may be innocent. For instance, some may lie not to hurt somebodys feelings. A lack of honesty would not be such a big problem, though, if that were the point where it ends. Some people consider that telling a little white lie doesnt hurt anything, but still get annoyed and irritated when somebody lies to them. If they expect others to be honest with them why cant they pay back in the same way? Usually humans lie for personal gain and self-interest. For instance, some may lie because they are ashamed of the things they have done and do not want or are afraid to face the consequences. A good example here is Bill Clinton, who in 2004 lied about his affair with Monica Lewinsky to both the nation and the grand jury. People hide, ignore and omit the facts. They care less what effect it may have on others. In this case they arent just dishonest and selfish but also show a lack of integrity. On the other hand, people may lie because they want to be a part of group. As Stephen L. Carter writes in his article The Insufficiency of Honesty, integrity may be often a fake honesty (106). For example, humans lie to impress somebody or put up facades to look better in others` eyes. They agree with other peoples statements, even if those vary from their own beliefs, simply because they want to be accepted. Furthermore, throughout history people could experience dishonesty from many, if not all U.S. presidents. For instance, Richard Nixon lied because he was trying to save his presidency, which was imperiled by his misdeeds. Franklin Delano Roosevelt misled the country over things like Lend-Lease in order to advance a policy he thought would save the world, but which he knew would be difficult to sell politically ( Cannon 57). During World War II in 1944, President Roosevelt lied to the public about his health condition, simply to hide his weakness from opponents. All of that proves that even people, to whom public trust is given, in the hope of better future of the country, arent any different from regular people. As Carl M. Cannon writes in his article Untruth and Consequences Presidents lie because they are human (58). Moreover, in a contemporary political world, it is difficult to distinguish the truth from a lie. For example, taking under consideration the war in Iraq, people are constantly confused with the news delivered to them. The Republicans say that everything is under control and without a doubt U.S. is winning the war with terrorism. On the other hand, Democrats talk about the unquestionable failure of the American army and government, as well as undisputable chaos it has caused in the Middle East. Those two versions prove that one of the sides is definitely lying. In this case the lack of honesty is very high and lives of U.S. soldiers as well as prosperity of the country might be at stake. Politicians should put aside their personal-interests and do what is right, because the consequences of their dishonesty may be too high to bear. Even though the definition of honesty here differs from the one in dictionary, many people will agree with it. Everybody knows from the experience how hard it is to go at least a day without telling a lie; it is impossible. All the people are built from the same mud; they all lie. It doesnt matter who a person is or what he/she does. Some may be more sensitive about it and would rather have a clean conscience, when others will keep lying without thinking twice. But everybody has to remember that the bigger the lie coming out of their mouth, the larger the consequences they will have to face in the future. Because as my mom used to say, a lie has short legs; one cant go far or gain much by lying, and if so it will be only temporary. Works Cited Cannon, Carl M. Untruth and Consequences. The Atlantic. Jan/Feb. 2007: 56-67. Carter, Stephen L. The Insufficiency of Honesty. 50 essays: A Portable Anthology. 2nd ed. Ed. Samuel Cohen. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2007. 104-111. Honesty. Websters online Dictionary. 2007. Websters Dictionary. 29 Jan 2007. http:www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/honesty.

Pressure Ulcer Assessment and Management | Reflection

Pressure Ulcer Assessment and Management | Reflection Chitse Wheeler Albon Description The purpose of this reflection is to contemplate on the critical incident that brought to my attention regarding the pressure ulcer assessment and management of staffs in care home. Utilizing a critical incident as a way of reflecting involves the identification of comportment deemed to have been particularly subsidiary or unhelpful in a given situation (Hannigan, 2001). I am working in a nursing home in unit catering elderly mentally ill clients. We have 25 residents most of them suffers from dementia. One incident happen to a 90 year old male client with dementia who was double incontinent and has been bed bound due to recent fall that have resulted him to have a fractured hip. He had a history of hypertension and angina 4 years ago. Throughout this essay I will referred the client to Mr. X to protect his identity and maintain confidentiality abiding the guidelines set by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2014) I observed redness on the sacral area of Mr. X while doing personal care for him with another staff. According to European Pressure Ulcer Advisory ( EPUAP) guidelines, it was grade 1 pressure ulcer as there was intact skin with non-blanchable redness. He is more helpless against pressure damage, as his skin has ended up more delicate and more slender with age (NICE 2014). The nurse in charged was informed regarding our observation. She assessed the pressure area of Mr. X and told to staff that he needs to be assisted in changing his position every 2 hours and application of barrier cream during pad change. The next day, it was reported in the hand over that Mr. X developed a grade 2 pressure sores, a partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow ulcer open ulcer with a red pink wound. (EPUAP 2014). It also conveyed that the night staffs have not turn him for more than 8 hours and never completed the positional chart. The worst was Mr. C was the fourth resident with pressure ulcer in the unit. Feelings I felt confident because I have prior knowledge regarding pressure sore management and can share this to other care staff for better care for residents with pressure ulcers. However, I was shocked with what I heard in the handover and felt sorry for Mr X that in less than a day he incurs grade 2 bedsores. The effect of pressure ulcer to him and the amount of pain he was dealing. Pressure ulcers can result in clients limited functions, emotional anguish, and agony from pain. (Nelson et al 2009). According to Purshotaman (2013), pressures to bony areas in a 1 to 6 hour period can result to pressure ulcer and shear and friction also act as a synergy to acquire wound in clients who are malnourished, incontinent, bedridden or mentally disturbed. And within 24 hours or it take up to 5 days for pressure ulcer to develop. It was unacceptable that there are four residents who have pressure sore at the same time thus reflecting the quality of care rendered to clients. Pressure ulcer prevention involves an interdisciplinary approach to care. To achieve it, it requires coordination, organizational culture and operational practice that uphold teamwork and communication. Evaluation Pressure ulcers, otherwise called pressure or bed sore, are restricted areas of skin damage as a result of underlying destructed tissue brought on by excessive pressure stopping blood flow and bringing on an absence of oxygen and supplements to tissue cells. Eventually tissue cells die causing ulceration. The vital factors that leads to accumulation of pressure sore includes clients medical condition, medication, malnourishment, age, lack of fluid intakes or dehydration, incontinence, lack of mobility, skin condition and weight. The external influences that hasten its occurrence are pressure, shearing force, friction, moving and handling and moisture. There are several risk assessment tools available to use to determine the level of client having pressure ulcer which I have been familiar during my learning process. These scales are the Norton scale, Braden Scale and Waterlow scale. The most common scale adopted in my work place was the Waterlow scale. It includes additional factors such as age, nutritional status, skin type and disease especially those affecting circulation. The score should be determined during admission of the client, but it is an on-going process and must be carried out whenever a significant changes arise from clients condition ( L. Nazarko,2009). Even though the Waterlow scale identifies more risk factors than the other two assessment tools and widely used across the United Kingdom, it has still be criticised for its ability to over predict risk and ultimately result in the misuse of resource.( Edwards 1995; Mcgough, 1999). Most of the scales used have been develop based on opinions of the importance of possible risk. It might get different scores from nurses assessing the same clients (L. Nazarko, 2009). The predictability of these tools been challenged because it might over or under predict the risk of a person having pressure sore, gaining expensive cost of implications as preventive equipment is put into place that might not always be necessary.(Frank et al, 2003). Although the Waterlow scoring system includes more objective measurements like the Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and record of weight loss. It is still indefinite whether the reliability of the tool ratings has improved by these additions. It has been recognized that this is a fundamental defect of these tools and due to this clinical judgement must always support the conclusions made by the results. The aims of the Pressure ulcer risk assessment tools are to quantify and measure the risk of a person to have a pressure ulcer. To be able to determine the quality of the measurement, the evaluation of validity and reliability should always take place. However, the limitation of the validity and reliability of the pressure ulcer risk tools are generally recognized. According to EPUAP (2014), the solution to overcome these problems is to combine the scores of pressure ulcer risks tools with clinical judgement. In the studies of pressure ulcer tools, there have been few endeavours made to analyse, the diverse pressure ulcer risk assessment strategies. Pancorbo Hidalgo et al (2006) distinguished three studies, researching the Norton scale compared to clinical judgment and the effect on pressure ulcer frequency. From these studies, it was inferred that there was no confirmation, that the danger of pressure ulcer incidence was lessened by the utilization of the risk assessment tools. The Cochrane audit (2008), set out to focus, whether the utilization of pressure ulcer risk assessment, in all health care settings, reduced the frequency of pressure ulcers. As no studies met the criteria, the authors have been not able to answer the survey question. At present there is just feeble proof to support the legitimacy of pressure ulcer risk assessment scale tools and obtained scores contain fluctuating measures of estimation lapse. According to NICE (2014) guidelines, a client who is at risk having a pressure ulcer must be assessed within six hours of admission. However, Mr. X has been in the nursing home for years, his assessment should have been on-going as he was prone to develop it. During the assessment, a skin inspection must be completed on the most vulnerable areas the bony prominent part of the body like the sacrum, heels, elbows, shoulder, back of the head and toes and other parts of the body where shear or friction could take place. Pressure ulcers are assessed and graded according to the extent of damage of the tissue. The European and US National Pressure Ulcer Advisory panels (EPUAP and NPUAP) together with the Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliances (PPPIA) release the latest International Pressure Ulcer guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. It’s an evidence based recommendation for the prevention and treatment that can be used throughout the world in any health care settin g by health care professionals. Pressure sores are categories from stage I to IV depending on the tissue damage. Addition to these, are two other categories the unstageable pressure ulcers and suspected deep tissue injury (EPUAP-NPUAP-PPPIA International Pressure Ulcer Guidelines 2014) The assessment implement used throughout my area of work, is the Waterlow Scale.The utilization of the Waterlow implement enables, the nurse to assess each patient according to their individual risk of developing pressure sores (Pancorbo-Hidalgo et al 2006)The tool uses an amalgamation of core and external risk factors that contribute to the development of pressure ulcers.. Nutritional assessment and screening tools like getting the Body Mass Index (BMI) are also utilized in the home for managing patients who are at risk of or have a pressure ulcer. The EPUAP (2014) recommends that as a minimum, assessment of nutritional status should include regular weighing of patients, skin assessment, documentation of food and fluid intake. Even so there are policies and procedures in place for management and prevention of pressure ulcer there were still a prevalent occurrence of pressure sores in the unit. Analysis The staffs’ knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention and management plays a very vital role. However, the lack of health care staffs’ education and trainings; and documentation resulted to numbers of patients having pressure ulcers in the unit. All health care professionals must receive relevant training and education regarding pressure ulcer risk prevention and management (NICE 2014).The information, skills and knowledge, gained from these training sessions, should then be shared down to other members of the team and embedded to practice. And all health care staffs involved in the care of clients with pressure ulcer needs to be updated on policies, guidelines and the latest patient educational information according to NICE guidelines (2014). Effective communication between staffs in the care of Mr X could have played a major role to make his pressure sore healed quicker and not worsen. Pressure ulcer prevention and management is a collaborative effort. The nurses should have taken the lead and make sure that the information about the course of care actions towards pressure ulcer management of Mr X has been disseminated to all staffs during the shifts which can be done during the handover. The nurses as leaders of the unit must take other staffs to join on board towards the same direction on a certain goal of clients care. As a student nurse, I have previous knowledge and experience about the pressure sore care and management before but the NMC(2014) oblige that I, to be a registered nurse in the United Kingdom, need to take an appropriate action to update my knowledge and skills to maintain and develop competence to safe practice. To be able to be competent, I need to acquire risk assessment skills while putting in my NMC code of conduct. I was able to assess and observe the redness of the sacral area of Mr X and have reported it immediately to the nurse in charge. Through this positive action of care, the nurse has provided immediate nursing care to Mr. X. Conclusion There is a proof that demonstrates that pressure ulcer risk assessment tools are valuable and useful when utilized as an aide for the obtainment of equipment. Then again, they cant be depended upon solely to give a holistic care to clients. It has been highlighted, that to guarantee holistic assessment of clients, it is important to complete a combination of assessment to be able to create a complete picture client’s health. In spite of the fact that The Waterlow scale covers various variables that need to be considered all through the assessment process, it has become apparent that the â€Å"at risk† score, can frequently be over or under scored relying upon the health care practitioner’s clinical judgement. Clinical judgment has turned out to be, a vital part of pressure ulcer prevention and management. The education and effective communication of the patient, relatives, carers and nurses has likewise been highlighted, as a critical part of consideration. Enabl ing the patient with data in regards to their ailment, may diminish the mending time and prevents further concerns. Action Plan To prevent and minimize the number of pressure ulcer staffs must attend training regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management. They should be also familiarizing with the policies and procedures when pressure ulcer is noticed so that if the same experience occurs in the future they familiarize the actions to be follow. In addition, health care staffs must be mindful that communication, teamwork, support and supervision have a big role to improve the quality of care of pressure ulcer management. Reporting, Supervision system and empowering staffs to confidently complete forms like positional charts, food and fluid charts and body map can be effective and a good way to improve communication between staff and for continuity of care of clients As a catalyst of change, I should be a role model to other staffs by abiding with the standard of care rendered with clients and promote their best interest by educating my colleagues and having effective communication between staffs and clients. However, not all staffs are willing for change. Change takes time but as long as there is a continuous education and system of good practice in place and staffs can see the results and benefits for clients, others and for themselves, more or less change can happen. Referrence: Nazarko, L. and Nazarko, L. (2002). Nursing in care homes. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance.(2014) Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Quick Reference Guide. Emily Haesler (Ed.). Cambridge Media: Perth, Australia;. Nice.org.uk, (2014). Pressure ulcers: prevention and management of pressure ulcers | Guidance and guidelines | NICE. [online] Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg179 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Nice.org.uk, (2014). Pressure ulcers: prevention and management of pressure ulcers | Guidance and guidelines | NICE. [online] Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg179 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Bryant, R. and Nix, D. (2012). Acute chronic wounds. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby. Pancorbo Hidalgo et al (2006) McCabe, C., Timmins, F. and Campling, J. (2006). Communication skills for nursing practice. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. (Hannigan, 2001). E. Purshotaman.(2013) 2013 International Conference on Biological, Medical and Chemical Engineering (BMCE2013. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: DEStech Publications, Inc E. Purshotaman Anon, (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/long-term-care/resources/pressure-ulcers/pressureulcertoolkit/putoolkit.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Nazarko, L. (2009). Nursing in Care Homes. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons.

Sustainability Issues In Civil Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay

Sustainability Issues In Civil Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay Sustainability is the prevention or reduction of the effect of environmental issues for humans to live a sustainable life and as part of the effort is to return human use of natural resources to a sustainable limit at which it can be replenished. The fact that sustainability issues affect the ways in which project are been chosen, planed, designed or implemented does not mean human life should be stagnant, rather, according to Mahri (2001), environmental issues needs to be put into consideration as a principal means of achieving sustainable development, also sustainable development enhances the quality of life This report shall put lights on a critical evaluation on current academic thinking as regards how sustainability issues can affect the way civil engineering projects are chosen, planned, designed and implemented. CHOSEN PROJECTS AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES Civil Engineering is the construction of systems that aim to improve life in different ways (Tavares, 1999). These are engineering field that brought about bridges, dams, roads, buildings, fabrications, etc. and these constructions have either a direct or indirect ways of polluting the environment during their construction processes. Like in the construction/fabrication of buoys, piles, vessels, where blasting and painting are carried out on-site, also hammering activities on-site, excavation and foundation works, transportation of raw materials, radiography (X-ray). All these processes affect the environment not alone but human lives such s waste generation requiring land storage, alteration of soil, emissions of substances into the atmosphere (e.g. grits and sand blasting operations) and water. However, according to Gangolelles et al., (2008), environment has been considered as among the project performance in construction organisations which environmental management system (EMS) h as been implemented to improve environmental performance. Constructions A sustainability issue of civil engineering structures has been a problem thatà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s been ongoing for the construction industry and society (Samir E.C., 2009). The construction industry in the UK is under increasing legal and commercial pressure to become more sustainable (Ian Holton, Jacqui Glass, Andrew, D.F. Price, 2010). Roome Cited in Ian Holton, Jacqui Glass, Andrew, D.F. Price, (2010), and it states that managing sustainability aim is for a strategic development and changes in organizations. Acording to Smith (1991) cited in Yip (2000), the construction industry is accountable for 50% of Co2 emitted worldwide through the utilization of fossil fuel which results to a quarter of green house gases. UK contributes 55% of Co2 to the total gas emitted (Ghanbari Parsa and Akhavan Farshchi, 1996). Also, occupants of buildings contribute to Co2 emission this is due to the heating and cooling systems. By estimate it has been observed that 78% of UK houses us e natural gas for heating of their buildings while few uses electricity (Lowe 2004). According to Olgyay and Herdt, (2004), three-quarter of this energy is obtained from fossil fuels. Most countries are not sustainable as far as fossil fuel management is concerned (V.S. Ediger et al., 2007) Oil and Gas Industries The oil and gas industries like the Upstream and Down-stream sector cause water, noise and air pollution. They bring about negative effects such as damage to agriculture, landscape and forestry, contamination of water or seas and all these effects bring human and organisms to an unsustainable life. According to Akeredolu F.A. and Sonibare J.A (2004), Flaring is a universal means of discarding flammable waste gases in the upstream oil, gas, downstream refining and chemical processing industries and flare is an open-air flame that is exposed to the weather elements, particularly winds. Flaring of associated gas from oil exploration has a number of consequences on the environment. (Elisha J.D., Leonard S.B and Tano D.A., 2008). Nigeria tops the list of ten countries responsible for 75% of gas flaring emissions in the world. According to World bank cited in Elisha J.D., Leonard S.B and Tano D.A., (2008), Nigeria flares 16% of the total associated gas which is the highest amount by any co untry in the world. This has affected the growth and development of crops especially cassava plant in the Niger Delta, Nigeria and made food very expensive in that part, this has also result in conflicts between local community, Government and oil companies, which have made companies relocate back to some other countries like Angola. Construction The constructions of bridges, roads and highway cause air, noise and water pollution because some techniques used during construction like blasting, have been found to affect human health and could also lead to destruction of property within the area of construction. (Ozer, 2008). By and large, construction projects diminish land in form of landfill waste and space aquired by the project. Previous studies have shown possibilities of construction waste contributing to more than half of UKà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s landfill waste (Ferguson et al., 1995 cited in Faniran and Caban, 1998). Related studies have also shown the following percentages of construction waste in landfills: 19% in Germany (Brooks et al., 1994 cited Faniran and Caban, 1998), 26% in Netherlands (Lanting, 1993 cited Faniran and Caban, 1998) and 13% à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15% in Finland (Heino, 1994 cited Faniran and Caban, 1998). PROJECT PLANNING AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES After the hurdle of project selection and its sustainability issues, then next is project planning. Environmental management plan, contingency plans and equipment that is to be used to carryout a specific work on all construction contract should be specified, in order to have a friendly environment.(Pun et al., 2001). A project is said to be unique when it has a proper budget in place and realistic delivery time. It has been described by Coventry et al., (2001 cited in Dainty and Brooke, 2004) that studies have shown that construction wastes are associated to design changes. Also, inadequate funds and timing of project finish date tends to encourage wasting and destruction of materials, thus generating waste on construction site which could also be a hazard to human life. Adequate control measure should be in place on material control, so that during material order, the required quantity needed should be ordered and ensure its delivered as at when due, this will reduce the long storage and improper handling of materials and condole waste generation on site (Dainty and Brooke, 2004). Equipments and operations that generate noise pollution should be well controlled and noise monitoring should also be introduced. There are measures which exist in some countries; most of them which are governmental form of laws, to control noise generated industrial operations. This form of law is to regulate the usage of machineries with high noise level to operate at a favorable time (Yip, 2000). Also reduction of personnel at workplace exposure limit should be a perfect way to reduce the impact of noise on human. PROJECT DESIGN AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES Building and Transportation Infrastructure Designs Buildings should be approached with a system and process which will apply and integrate essential values into building performance. Thus, construction projects should best be determined at the design and planning stage (Leaman et al., 2001; Mohsini, 1989 cited in Pheng et al., 2008). Future impacts on environment and habitants should be put into consideration when designing buildings. Moreover, things like energy consumption which in future has effect on vision, acoustics and air quality and lead to health issues and other unsustainable issues that might even lead to low productivity at work place when absenteeism has become rampant. General lightening and improper citing of openings in buildings, environments where contaminant-producing machines are cited close to occupants brings low quality air and poor vision from the lightening (Pheng et al., 2008). Analysis during the last 7 years on environmental impact on residence carried out by Adalberth et al., cited in Oscar ortiz, France sc castells and Guido sonnemann, (2009), on Life Circle Assessment, shows that the factors with the greatest environmental impact was electricity which occurs when its on use. Studies have shown that buildings designed and constructed with insulation on both roof and help enormously to reduce heat loss, hence carbon dioxide emissions are reduced. It was confirmed by Shorrock and Utley (2003 cited in Lowe, 2007) that there was a 40% reduction of heat loss in UK buildings in 2001 as an outcome of roof insulation. Sustainability of Construction Materials and Designs Sustainability of Civil Engineering structures has been an ongoing issue in the construction sector and the society in whole. Materials used for construction also have sustainable issues with the way construction projects are designed, most of the materials use up energy when in the manufacturing stage or transporting materials to site. Materials like cement, steel and concrete, aluminium require much energy during their manufacturing and transportation phase (Morel et al., 2000; Pearlmutter et al., 2007). However, the durability of materials should also be considered in the design phase, according to Samir E. Chidiac, (2009), described the durability of concrete in particular to depend on the qualities of material, design, construction and condition its been subjected to during and after its manufacture. Therefore, in selecting construction materials, lifespan of the material should be highly considered because a good combination material having a high lifespan makes projects last long and brings its maintenance and demolition rate low. As described by Morel et al., (2007), stones masonry and concrete buildings have lifespan of 200 and 100 years respectively. A Life Cycle Assessment done on steel bridges by Widman (1998) revealed a high emission of carbon dioxide due to steel and cement production. The changing of roads to railways, efficient use of coke and coal in steel production and the use of bioà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬fuels by vehicles is thus suggested. PROJECT IMPLIMENTATION AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES Implementation is a phase in projects where all planned activities is brought into play. However, material loss in building industry is always seen as normal, and according to McGrath and Anderson, (2000) cited in Dainty and Brooke, (2004), wastage rate in site construction is from 10% to 15%. According to Hore, et al.,(1997) cited in Ajayi, et al., (2008), for every 100 houses built there is enough waste material to build another 10 houses. Similarly Akinpelu (2007) cited in Ajayi, (2008), which is of the view that on most capital projects resources from which waste is generated, account for more than 60% of their production costs. Most construction waste are drain into landfills which increases the burden on landfill and operation, also result in soil and water pollution which are source of environmental hazards. Proper and effective way of curtailing this is to ensure a construction waste management is implemented and possibly a landfill tax imposed also. The reduction and recycling of waste yields to increase in lifetime landfills and exploitation of natural resources use in material manufacture (Ajayi, et al., 2008). CONCLUSION After thorough analysis on how sustainability issues affect project, it was observed that civil engineering projects do more harm by making human leave unsustainable lives and deplete the environment. Much work had been done on civil construction projects and emphasis has been more on the design stage because it describes what the project would look in future.

The Axiological Dimension of Tolerance :: Psychological Social Papers

The Axiological Dimension of Tolerance ABSTRACT: I contend that tolerance is not the expression of a simple attitude, but constitutes a moral value which penetrates all spheres of social life. My argument assumes that globalization is a fundamental tendency of the contemporary world and that the ideal of such a world cannot be enacted without tolerance. After identifying the constituent elements of this value and its conditions of functioning, we conclude that any reconstruction of human society from the globalization point of view presumes tolerance as a fundamental factor. Functional tolerance assumes that everyone enjoys similar education in the spirit of tolerance at any age and any level. The future of humanity depends upon such a solution in the face of current woes. Overthrown to most intimate structures, the contemporary society sets itself again on the principle of globality. An older global tendency is asking its right to existence. Indisputably, the ampleness and the gravity of the problems confronting the humankind need a global approach, in order to find the saving solution. But "globality" or "mondialization" does not mean a uniform and indistinct totality swarming with the slogan of economic efficiently, no matter how important would it be. A such point of view, if it exists in somebody's mind, is a monstrosity and it cannot be accepted as such. Justified by the condition of the humankind in this millenium end, globalization presumes the difference and coexistent individualities on the ground of common and unanimous accepted values and ideals. In turn, the difference entails the democracy as a constitutive part of a mondializing process. Of course, it is not about a globalization of the democracy, but a need of democracy, which asserts itself in different forms and situation on all the meridians of the earth. It is quite clear that the diversity and democracy are ones of that is named now postmodernism. To live in a world, which is evolving or should be in accordance with these principles is near impossible out of the tolerance. Among others, the tolerance becomes necessarily the guiding star of the individual and human community by their will and action to reach the noble ideals of Good, Prosperity and Peace. But what is tolerance? Keeping its means from the Latin, the notion of tolerance means to support, to allow, enduring. These meanings refer to behavior expressing the acceptance of the individual, community or situation embodied difference. It could be talking about an ontological sense of the tolerance appearing in the endless variety of the manifesting existence forms.

Yellowstone National Park Essay -- Parks Recreation

Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and oldest national parks in American history. Yellowstone was the first park to be protected by private investment on March 1, 1872, and the first to be put under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service in 1918, no doubt due to its unique and inspiring landscape and geothermal features. In fact, Yellowstone National Park is home to half of the world’s total hydrothermal features. These awesome attractions draw an incredible amount of visitors, an average of two to three million each year, to Yellowstone’s immense landscape. The park has a total size of 28,125 square miles, is found in three distinct states, and is considered to be one of the largest intact temperate zone ecosystems in the world today (Yellowstone National Park Official Homepage). Following thousands of years of Native American occupation, the area now known as Yellowstone National Park was officially "discovered" by western-traveling fur traders and settlers, whose stories of bubbling mud and gushing geysers seemed at first to be delusional tall tales. Traffic increased to the area, however, and more and more Americans grew in awe of the area's hydrothermal features, wild animal and plant life, petrified trees, and impressive Yellowstone River and Lake. The area's intense and moving landscape soon moved president Ulysses S. Grant to sign the Yellowstone National Park Act on March 1, 1872, which protected the area from private development and placed it under the protection of the United States Army, who managed Yellowstone from 1886 to 1916. Yellowstone National Park sparked the creation of the National Park Service, and soon became the first national park in American his... ...as the first American national park to be founded for good reason – this dynamic and stirring area deserves to be conserved and enjoyed for decades to come. Works Cited: Appendix A: Common and Scientific Names. Retrieved April 20, 2004, http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr30/lynx_appA.pdf "History of the Park." Yellowstone Resources and Issues. National Park Service, 2003. 19-30. â€Å"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.† Yellowstone Resources and Issues. National Park Service, 2003. 31-52 Schullery, Paul and John D. Varley. Yellowstone Center for Resources. The Yellowstone Lake Crisis: Confronting a Lake Trout Invasion. 1995. Retrieved March 8, 2004, http://www.nps.gov/yell/publications/pdfs/laketrout2.pdf Yellowstone National Park Official Webpage. National Park Service. Retrieved April 20, 2004, http://www.nps.gov/yell/indes.htm

The Role Of Women in Shakespeares Othello Essays -- GCSE English Lite

The Role Of Women in Othello In Shakespeare's Othello, as in most writings of his time, women are viewed as trophies or objects to capture the attention of men. I do not doubt that these men do love their wives, but the love, respect and admiration for their women is much different that of our time. It seems modern women are much more capable of having what could be known as an "equal opportunity" marriage. In the days of sacred virginity, and honesty of one's word, well off women such as Desdemona were not given responsibility. Women in her position sat back and left the work up to their men and their servants. In due time they were given respect and admiration, and were seen as angels to be loved and cared for, but what does this really matter when one is unable to care for themselves, or have the power to accomplish without being told that someone supposedly more powerful will take care of it for them? I feel that this misogyny and sexism is eternal and even now, our world suffers from it. Many say this has t o do with the "times" and the period in which Shakespeare was writing. But still, in these times as many others, there were people even then, that knew that misogyny and sexism were wrong, and must be changed. Unfortunately, it was not a general consensus. In this play, the roles of women are perfectly laid out. There's the well off good girl, the cute middle class girl who waits on the well to do girl. Then at the bottom of it all, there is the prostitute, slut that every man and boy has fantasized about. So in essence, men have it all in this play, every major fantasy, war, violence, and betrayal. So we see who Shakespeare’s writings catered to. ... ...!" They depend on their love for their husbands, and their husbands use it as power against them, abusing the ideals of trust and morality. (P.165) Another issue that most do not deal with when it comes to writings like Shakespeare is the language used towards certain genres of people, especially women. In many occasions do male characters in this play call women "wenches" (p.139) or "wreches" (p.123). Then the men (Othello) say things like "Nor from mine own weak merits will draw The smallest fear or doubt of her revolt, For she had eyes, and chose me." (p.131) Men are praise when they do the slightest of "gentlemanly" acts, but never punished for speaking badly towards women. There needs to be some sort of revolt or revolution for these women and they would not be trapped in situations where they are not comfortable with themselves or their surroundings.

Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective

Michaela Lawes SOUTH1A 11 Jacqui Godfrey Hypnotherapy & Counselling Skills – Module 21850 words â€Å"A personalised induction will always be more effective†. Discuss. Base your answer on theoretical concepts and techniques presented in class. If it is true that we all see the same thing but interpret it as different, if we respond to stimuli in a unique way, then a personalised induction would prove more effective. Would an anxious client respond to a linguistically passive approach? Would a direct and logically structured induction gain their trust and make them feel at ease?The Hypnotherapist will seek to understand their client, interpreting both verbal and non-verbal signals. They will also have to contend with the way our brain interprets external information. Once the individual’s personality is understood, there are a number of verbal techniques that the Hypnotherapist can utilise in order to get the best results from the induction process. It would a ppear that the personalised induction is effective but this perhaps depends on whether the Hypnotherapist has ascertained the true nature of their client.One area where the Hypnotherapist can start to understand the type of person they are seeking to induce would be to ascertain the dominant modality within their client. Modalities are a classification of sensory perception. These are listed as visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, olfactory and gustatory. When a person is assimilating external information they will seek to disseminate that information using a dominant modality. There are many ways in which they will reveal this through language, speech, gestures and even eye movements.NLP gurus Bandler and Grinder aptly call this the language of our minds. A person with a dominant visual modality will tend to use phrases that are littered with visual terms such as â€Å"I see†¦ † or â€Å"The sky looks turquoise†¦ † If this person’s eyes are looking up the right as they are explaining something to you they are creating a visual representation in their heads. Robert Dilts in his article Eye Movements and NLP states: ‘The most common application of eye positions in NLP is to determine the representational strategies a person is using in order to think or make a decision.Since many aspects of people's thinking processes are unconscious to them, spontaneous eye movements can be an extremely important part of eliciting and modeling a person's inner strategies for decision making, learning, motivation, memory, etc. ’ The eyes maybe a poetical window to the soul but they are also an infallible insight into an individual’s dominant modality. Using these linguistic and visual clues the Hypnotherapist can begin to relate to their client on his or her intellectual level. They can gain the trust of the client by appealing to their dominant modality.If the client had a dominant kinaesthetic modality they would have a more tacti le and emotionally attuned personality, they would speak in a soft lower tone of voice than the fast talking, higher toned visual personality. Would there be conflict if the hypnotherapist used a quick thinking, highly imaginative visual approach to the tactile and feeling kinaesthetic? Perhaps yes, when one is trying to ‘access’ the brain at an unconscious level, surely it would be more productive to be in harmony with your client in order to get the best therapeutic results.Josie Hadley and Carol Staudacher agree ‘By using similar language and reinforcing the induction with certain kinds of images, you are making sure the subject can relate to the induction and feel an affinity for it’ Whilst using the dominant modality to gain an affinity with the client, the best results will come from gradually introducing language into an induction that will appeal to all of the senses. This technique is called compounding, and is a crucial tool in engendering a deep trance.The client is being invited to experience a linked chain of events during their induction that will encourage them to lose themselves in the scenarios being suggested by appealing to all of the senses. So whilst the client may, through their language, both verbal and non verbal, have the olfactory as their main modality, if they are subjected via the induction to visualize or imagine a taste then this will engage all of their senses for a more effective induction.This supposes that hypnotherapist has initially ascertained the dominant modality in order to gain the trust of their client and then proceeded to introduce a multi sensory screed that opposes the idea of a fully personalised induction. It is recognized that there are two types of hypnotic induction, namely, permissive and authoritarian. It is said that traditional hypnosis is generally authoritarian. The induction is concise and uses direct language and less creative imagery. This is a favourite style of the stage h ypnotist as it lends itself favourably to the quick and direct nature of induction.A proponent of this technique was Dave Elman, whose authoritarian technique was used by doctors and dentists to calm their patients. It was quick and to the point. When thinking of the authoritarian style as a use for today’s hypnotic induction, it would be suited to use with a nervous or anxious person. Perhaps the controlled style reassures the nervous client that the therapist is in control, they know what they are doing and therefore it will follow that they will be more inclined to follow the suggestions made by the therapist.Instead of ‘you may start to feel your eyelids are becoming heavy’ the authoritarian approach will read as ‘your eyelids are heavy’ The logical and concise nature of the language used in this type of induction is also a useful when presented with a skeptic of the science behind hypnosis, the style does away with too vivid imagery and curtails the use of metaphor, allowing a sense of logicality to the ‘unconvinced’.This direct style also lends itself well to addiction therapy as ascertaining their modality can be difficult due to the personality and cerebral damage created by the addiction, for example, alcohol abuse. The repetitive and authoritarian style of induction Karle and Boys suggest the mere act or suggestion of an attempt to give up, say, smoking will work whether personalised or not as they ‘will respond well to any form of treatment, because any ritual will perform the functions they seek’ Again it would seem that a personalised induction is not so important in this type of case.The permissive approach is much more widely used in therapeutic hypnotherapy as it can ‘play’ with linguistic metaphor and imagery based on the client’s personality and dominant modality thus creating a much more personalised hypnotic experience. Michael Caroll in his essay ‘The Stru cture of Permissive Hypnotherapy’ states: ‘Rapport is an important aspect of permissive hypnotherapy because the hypnotherapist is going to lead the client to trance rather than just direct the client’s experience.To lead the client to trance the hypnotherapist mirrors the clients imaginative preferences through verbal communication allowing the hypnotherapist access to the physiology and state associated with trance, so when the client unconsciously follows the hypnotherapist’s lead he/she will be accessing a trance like state’ The leading hypnotherapist in this type of therapy was Milton H Erickson, he could be said to be the inventor of the personalised hypnotic experience. Rapport building underpins this type of approach and this is what Erickson sought to gain in his sessions.The permissive style will use an indirect approach in order to gain the trust of their clients without appearing too authoritarian. Hypnotic suggestion is wrapped up in me taphor and creative language coupled with varying vocal tonality. It was Erickson’s theory that ‘people must participate in their therapy’. The true meaning of a personalised induction! His screed would incorporate linguistic techniques in order to gain a rapport. There are several examples of this. Using the client’s dominant modality (which are discussed earlier in this essay).Convincers which are used in such a way as to make the client think they are in control of their induction when in fact they are being indirectly guided into a trance. A convincer may read as this: ‘I can see that your eyes are beginning to close and you are relaxed’. ‘Anchoring’ a key-word that will bring a repeated response, for example, the client could be asked to feel the summer sun on their skin throughout the induction so as to induce feelings of warmth and contentment. This could change according to the dominant modality of the client, whether visu al, kinaesthetic, olfactory and so on. Presuppositons and double binds’ are a clever way of allowing the client to feel in control of their destiny through contradictory linguistic signals. A client seeking to give up a bad habit may be told ‘you may wish to give up x tomorrow, next week or next month†¦ when this happens is entirely up to you’. This type of therapy works well as it allows the client to participate in their own induction. It allows for the uniqueness of the individual as to how they are induced which would surely be more effective.It would be too simplistic to argue that a personalised approach would be wholly effective as compared to a generic induction, but, in the main, it can offer a wide ranging approach for the therapist. In general, we use only a very small amount of verbal communication, much is achieved through body language and non verbal signals. In hypnotherapy the hypnotist does not have these non verbal tools to hand in an induc tion and therefore has to rely on linguistic techniques such as modality, metpahor or tone of voice in order to get the most effective results for their client.The different techniques found within the personalised approach, such as the use of modalities and indirect/direct language allows the client a proactive approach to his or her own induction. Michael Heap writes: ‘Regarding the legitimate therapeutic uses of hypnotherapy it is important†¦that the therapist’s actions and communications be in keeping with context and should contribute to the creation of the appropriate expectations, thus maximizing the patient’s receptivity to suggestion’.For example the therapist would have to take in consideration the mannerisms of the client, even they way they are dressed and what they do for work and pleasure. They also have to consider that the client may not be behaving as they normally would due to nerves or the differences between their public and privat e persona. They may be acting or behaving differently than is normal. However the hypnotherapist will surely learn to gauge their approach as they gain more experience.There is a place for the generic and direct approach as discussed in the essay, but the effectiveness of getting the client themselves to participate in their own induction is surely a more interesting and varied approach which lends itself to a more effective induction. References Hadley & Staudbacher – Hypnosis for Change -1996, New Harbinger Publications, USA Heap & Dryden – Hypnotherapy: A Handbook – 1991, Oxford University Press, UK Karle & Boys Hypnotherapy: A Practical Handbook – 1987 Free Association Books, UK

A Scanner Darkly

Ashlyn Phillips Mr. Flanigan/ Dystopian Literature Period 2 December 4, 2012 Who Are You? As young children we begin to develop a personality, one that is based off of the people we are surrounded with. When identifying who we are as people, physical appearance is less important in comparison to our spirits and mindsets. The body serves only as a shuttle for our spirits and minds, without these two assets our bodies would simply only be empty shells. In Philip K.Dick’s A Scanner Darkly, the protagonist, Bob Arctor, has fallen victim to a highly addictive drug called Substance D, which has the side effect of splitting the personality in one’s mind. In dealing with the abuse of this drug, Arctor begins to lose himself and forgets what really makes him who he is. Our souls, character and appearance determine who we are as people, without these three attributes it would be very difficult to differentiate between one human from the next.The brain begins to develop in the fir st trimester of pregnancy, even as fetuses we are able to think and begin to develop our personalities inside the womb. As we enter the world and begin living, our surrounding environments control the outcomes of our minds, bodies and spirits. If you are born into a wealthy family, it is more than likely that you will live a wealthy lifestyle; if you are born into a poor family, it is more than likely that you will live a poor lifestyle.In society, we are first identified by how much money we have, then by how we look and at last we begin to learn more about each other to identify who our characters are through how we wish to portray ourselves. Our personalities begin to develop when we are first able to open our eyes, smile and really when we begin to communicate with each other. From there we begin to learn what we like to do in life; whether it be dancing, singing, painting, playing sports, etc.These attributes are major when identifying a person. Our spirits begin to develop at an early age and although they can be slightly altered as life goes on, we never really change entirely. One can be judged by their physical appearance and be separated from one person to the next simply based on that, however, if asked who Bob Marley is as a person, the answer would be far more detailed than if only asked what he looks like. Personality and character traits are really the basis of determining who we are as people.If a set of identical twins were put in the same room together and a group of people were asked to differentiate between Sarah and Mary, they would only be able to based on appearance. The more in depth question would be, how can you tell who Sarah is and who Mary is? In answering this question many key attributes are discussed such as, Sarah may be more energetic, loud, creative, talkative, religious and athletic than Mary, allowing for their friends to automatically know who is who when confronted by either twin.Personality always gives the answer. If th e personality changes or begins to morph into two different sides, determining who someone is becomes a very difficult task. In A Scanner Darkly, Fred goes undercover as a drug addict in order to solve a major case but in doing so, he himself becomes addicted to the drug and his personality begins to split into two different people, Fred and Bob; Fred being the undercover cop and Bob being the addict.As Fred’s life morphs into Bob’s, he begins to lose himself entirely and the world as he knew it before completely changes into something different than he thought. â€Å"He will sink into a needle-and-a-spoon existence, or bounce off the walls in a psychiatric hospital or, worst of all, a federal clinic†¦And all this will occur deliberately, someone figured out what he was doing and then got him this way. The worst way of all: with the stuff they sell that he was after them for selling. (86) His personality can no longer be analyzed because he thinks as two entirely different people as if he has two separate brains in one head. Clearly this is an issue due to the fact that we are recognized by our personalities. If two personalities are competing against one another inside of one mind, there is no way to really know who that person is. Fred loses himself in Bob’s world and the drug becomes more important than anything else, as it usually does inside the mind of a drug addict.Without the soul, the body is like a light bulb without electricity. The soul gives the body meaning and purpose, without it there would only be boys and girls, not unique individuals with their own characteristics. The soul carries along every memory, experience, encounter, and detail of each person in the world. A wise soul will think beyond their years, a young soul will stay a teenager at heart forever and an evil soul will end up in the dark side of life and all of these souls grow through life experiences and will only be influenced by these experiences.The so ul in one person does not change entirely through life experiences it can only change slightly by being influenced by those around us. In determining who we are as people, the soul is the key ingredient and it should be the first thing that is analyzed from one human being to the next. More often than not, looks do not matter, it is what lies within ourselves that determines who we are as individuals.

Exploring the Mind of Internet Addicts Essay

Addiction is a commonly used word that is mostly associated with a substance(drug or alcohol) and sometimes thought of as an illness. We often hear the word addiction thrown around in conversations. I’ve often used the word addiction when referring to my love of chocolate, but in this case it’s just an expression of speech. For a long time now, though, a lot of controversy has been going on about adding other activities, other than substance use to the word addiction. In this case excessive use of the Internet, Internet Addiction(IA). Many people are wanting to take addiction to a whole new level, by adding Internet Addiction to the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; in other words the â€Å"psychiatric bible†) but is our need, love, desire, and excessive use of the internet just a compulsion or an addiction? Addiction is when a person is dependent on a behavior or specific substance in order to cope with life. The dependence is so important to the individual that even when it becomes harmful to themselves, their family, work, and other important areas of their life they will persist in using the substance, or engaging in the behavior. Also, â€Å"There are actual changes that occur in the brains of addicts and treatments for addiction must address the biology behind the behavior.† So far addictions have focused on highs that are caused from the use of drugs or other substances that affect the brain’s chemical responses. However it has recently been discovered that a person can receive a similar â€Å"high† from using the Internet. The research for this disorder is scarce and fairly new, but the results leave something to argue about for the supporting side. Overly excessive use of the Internet affects everyone involved with the â€Å"user.† There have been con fessions from individuals who claim to suffer from IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder). A case was, reported in the New York Times, A woman who had been divorced by her husband because of her excessive use of the Internet. Still the woman did not come to her senses and continued to use the internet so much that she forgot to buy food for her children, to take them to doctor appointments, and to buy enough oil to warm her home.(Maria Garcia Duran) Sounds like an addiction, but this still doesn’t fit the whole criteria. Remember you have to experience a chemical effect in the brain when your considering an obsessive need for something to be a diagnose as an addiction. There may be some alternative chemical change in her brain, such as the internet use is causing her to be happy, which means endorphins are being released to the brain. But this article isn’t clear on whether the internet use really makes her happy, or helps her hide from reality which may still leave her with the same mood set, but just in hiding. Most people who think they are addicted may just be suffering from the desire to not want to deal with other problems going on in their lives. Those problems may in fact be a mental disorder like anxiety or depression. It may be a a relationship problem, serious disability or health problem. The internet use is no different than TV use, so you won’t have to â€Å"go out with the boys† for drinks or talking to your spouse. Others who spend to much time online with out any other problems present may just be suffering from compulsive over-use.

Fictional obituary: Romeo and Juliet Essay

Romeo Montague died on 1st November 1602. He was born in the National Hospital of Verona on the 20th October 1587. He sadly committed suicide at the tender age of fifteen. He committed suicide by drinking an unknown but extremely poisonous substance. While Romeo was alive he led a happy and joyful life. He always lived life to its fullest; he had no restrictions unlike the females of his age. Even though Romeo had a very short life he still had quite a lot of accomplishments. He won the award for the best swordsman of the city of Verona when he was only twelve years old. He also won the award for being the most handsome and good looking youngster of Verona. Although his death caused a lot of grievance, it had a positive outcome also. His death caused the end of the hostility between the Montagues and Capulets. He is survived by his father and mother. God bless his soul. Paris Escalus Paris Escalus sadly died on 21st October 1602. He died at the age of twenty years and one-hundred days. He was born in Prince Escalus’s royal family with a silver spoon in his mouth. He had all the luxuries one could possibly imagine. Even though he was from such a noble family he was very modest and down to earth. He studied very hard in school and did not live of his surname. Paris was brutally murdered by Romeo Montague at the Capulet cemetery. Paris was probably one of the most accomplished gentlemen of Verona. He was the youngest person to have their photography on the â€Å"Verona Times† magazine. In a city wide survey he had the highest IQ. He was you can say: ingenious. His intellect will definitely be missed. He is survived by his parents and his younger sister. Paris Escalus will be sorely missed and will be remembered forever. Au revoir! Juliet Capulet Juliet Capulet died on 31st October 1602. She was born in the Bumbum Hospital of Verona on the 20th September 1589. She sadly died from an unknown illness at the tender age of thirteen. How can God be so cruel? How can he kill out poor Juliet at such a young and tender age? Nevertheless, while Juliet was alive she led a happy life. She lived like a true lady and always seemed to have a positive outlook on life. Even though Juliet had a very short life she still had quite a lot of accomplishments. She won the award for the most thoughtful person of Verona. She also won the award for being the most beautiful and good looking youngster of Verona. Although his sadness caused a lot of grievance, it had a positive outcome also. Like Romeo her death caused a lot of misery but also signaled the end of the unfriendliness between the Montagues and Capulets. She is survived by her father and mother. May she rest in peace.

Koolhaas and metabolist movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Koolhaas and metabolist movement - Essay Example architecture's most-reproduced forms and structures: the giraffe-legged Villa dall'Ava in suburban Paris, one of the greatest buildings of the late twentieth century, and the stupendous fishnet-steel-and-glass-covered Seattle Public Library, which opened in 2004. Some of his best works in Europe are the master plan and Grand Palais for Lille, France which is his largest realized urban planning project; a residence in Bordeaux, France; the Educatorium, a multifunction building for Utrecht University in the Netherlands; and the Kunsthal, providing exhibition space, a restaurant and auditoriums in Rotterdam. The Bordeaux house is one of his most important works and was named as Best Design of 1998 by Time magazine. It was designed to fill the needs of a couple whose old house was problematic to the old man as had been confined to a wheel chair due to an accident. Koolhaas proposed a home in three parts with the lowest part having a series of caverns carved out from the hill. While the top part is divided into spaces for the couple, and spaces for their children. The middle part is an invisible glass room that is a vertically moving platform functioning as an elevator allowing the old man access to all levels. In the 1950s, the Japanese Metabolists proposed giant mega-structures as an answer to the ever-growing problem of overcrowding in their cities. These architects came up with innovative designs of floating cities and giant prefabricated "plug-in" living cells that could be inserted into skyscrapers. But due to the scale and reality constraints Metabolist vision could not be realized completely. They regarded the city as an organic process that featured some of the innovative concepts such as marine civilization, artificial terrain, and metabolic cycle.... Koolhaas was fond of the "Megastructure" concept. This is basically a large size building or plan meant for urban improvement. His company OMA applied Megastructure for its designs for a vast complex of shops, housing, and offices, together with a railway station, in Lille, France or Lille Masterplan.Metabolists used the concept of the natural flows of air, water, and people in cities. They conceptualized biomorphic mega structures capturing and materializing urban flows. In 1961, Kenzo Tange’s studio proposed a plan for Tokyo Bay that clearly illustrates the principles of metabolism. The project comprised of a spine, or trunk, and an array of branches and leaves that together formed a clear tree-like structure. In the same year, Kurokawa produced a series of utopian projects inspired by biological forms and a process of growth representing that of living cells. At the same period, Isosaki developed his project â€Å"City in the Air† as a system of urban intersections a nd interconnections in the air, providing a grand structure supported by infrastructural trunks, like a forest of trees. Each trunk affords commercial and residential plugins like those found in Peter Cook’s â€Å"Plug-in City†. Metabolist architecture shows a tilt towards the evolutive, and irreversible, development of cities. Their projects were inspired by the natural movements of air, water, corporeal fluids and plants, but had a very formal and functional conception of urbanism.

Art and craft in school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art and craft in school - Essay Example vity and diversity of the students possess and a magnitude of respect by showing the strength of character and originality thus improving communication and creativity in school. The condition of the school environment reflects its style and character. Including art and craft in the classroom environment creates an engaging foundation of trust among the students especially during the crucial stage where the class activity acquires self-sustaining and viability (Tuttle & Silva, 2009). I discovered that art is an investment in the culture of the school and should be preserved for the benefits of the students. In reserving original and best art in the classrooms highlight a sense of power to the students. It revealed an increased in performance after allowing the students to decorate their thoughts in the classrooms. The activity increased communication among the thus showing that art boosts their thoughts and influences the culture for growth. Art also increases the quality of life in the school environment. Art has a manipulative ability as is different every time one sees it thus; many students associate art with the essential effort related with the artist thus generates the effort to succeed in their activities. (Paquette & Tuttle, 2009 pg113). Art increases a complete approach to diverse programs during school hours thus increasing the performance as many students labor towards the purpose of their achievements. Art is also used in the class to make an impact to the people in the society. Paintings created through learning process are donated to people as a way of giving back to the community. Students with various arts display their work and feel proud while people appreciate their effort thus igniting their efforts towards success. An art creates an opportunity for students with learning difficulties to express their feelings and boost their memory (Tuttle & Silva, 2009). Students with learning complications may have problems in recalling what they have